A. Subjects of B.Sc (Non-Medical)
\uf0b7 CHEMISTRY : Basic concepts of Chemistry, Structure of Atom, Classification of Elements
& Periodicity in Properties, Chemical boding and Molecular structure, Chemical
thermodynamics, Equilibrium, Redox reaction, Hydrocarbons, Solution, Electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics, d- and f- Block elements, coordination compounds, Haloalkanes and
Haloarenes, Alcohols, Phenols and ethers, Aldehydes and carboxylic acids, Amines &
Biomolecules.
(I) Physical Chemistry-Atomic and Molecular Structure; States of Matter; Gaseous State;
Liquid State; Solid State. Chemical Thermodynamics; Chemical and Phase Equilibria;
Solutions and Colligative Properties; Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Cells;
Chemical Kinetics and Enzyme Catalysis; Adsorption and Colloidal Solutions; Molecular
Spectroscopy.
(II) Organic Chemistry- Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry,Stereochemistry &
Conformational Analysis; Organic Reaction Mechanism and its application to synthetic
chemistry; Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions; Nucleophilic Addition Reactions;
Electrophilic Addition Reactions; Elimination Reactions; Name Reactions and
Rearrangements; Qualitative Organic Analysis; Organic Spectroscopy (UV-Visible; IR;
NMR); Basics of Natural Products and Biochemistry; Aromatic Nucleophilic and
Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions; Free Radical Reactions; Heterocyclic
Chemistry; Polymer chemistry.
(III) Inorganic Chemistry- Periodic Table and Periodic Properties; Extractions of Metals and
Metallurgy; Structure of Atom; Chemical and Ionic Bonding and Geometry, Shape and
Hybridization of Molecules; VSEPR and Molecular Orbital Theory; Main Group
Elements (s and p-blocks), Transition Metals (d-block) and Inner-transition Elements (fblock) and their Chemistry. Bioinorganic Chemistry; Nuclear Chemistry; Analytical
Chemistry; Coordination Chemistry<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uf0b7 PHYSICS:
I. Physical world and Measurement, Kinetics, Law of Motion, Work, Energy and Power,
system of Particles and Rotational Motion, Gravitational, Mechanical properties of solids
& fluids, Thermal properties of Matters, Thermodynamics, Kinetics theory of Gases,
Oscillations & Waves, Electrostatics, Current Elasticity, Magnetic effect of Current &
Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating currents, Electromagnetic waves,
Ray optics and Optical instruments, Wave optics, Dual nature of Radiation and Matter,
Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and simple circuits.
II. Co-ordinate systems, Solid angle, space time symmeteries and conservation laws, Inertial
and Non-inertial frames, Coriolis force and its applications, Central and non-central
forces, Inverse square force, Michelson- Morley experiment, special theory of relativity,
Lorentz transformations, Length contraction, Time dilation, Variation of mass with
velocity and mass energy equivalence, Relativistic momentum and energy.
III. Electrostatic Field and Electrostatic potential and its applications. Poisson and Laplace
equations. Ohm\u2019s law, Microscopic form of Ohm\u2019s law (J \u03b1 E) and conductivity.
Ampere circuital law and its applications. Hall effect, Dielectrics, parallel plate capacitor
with a dielectric, dielectric constant, polarization and polarization vector, displacement
vector D, Claussius – Mossotti equation, boundary conditions satisfied by E and D at the
interface between two homogenous dielectrics. Diamagnetism, paramagnetic and
Ferromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations and its physical interpretation, Poynting vector,
Poynting theorem, EM waves in conducting medium and skin depth. EM waves velocity
in a conductor and anomalous dispersion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
IV. Scope of statistical physics, basic ideas about probability, distribution of four
distinguishable particles in two compartments of equal sizes. Concept of macro-states,
micro-states and thermodynamic probability. M-B, B-E, F-D statistics and their
applications. Statistical entropy, law of increase of entropy. Reversible and irreversible
processes. Thermodynamic Potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energy
functions and Maxwell\u2019s thermodynamic relations.
V. Simple harmonic oscillator, Damped oscillator, Forced Oscillator, Coupled Oscillators
and their applications. Interference: Division of wavefront and division of amplitude.
Young\u2019s Double Slit experiment. Lloyd\u2019s Mirror and Fresnel\u2019s Biprism. Phase change on
reflection. Interference in Thin Films, Haidinger Fringes, Fizeau Fringes. Newton\u2019s Rings
and Michelson\u2019s Interferometer. Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction & Diffraction
grating, Fresnel Diffraction: Half-period zones. Zone plate. Polarization: Unpolarized and
plane polarized light, production of polarized light, Wire grid polarizer, Polaroid, Malus\u2019s
law, double refraction, birefringence, Nicol Prism, quarter wave plate and half wave
plate, Brewster law. Circular and elliptical polarization, production of elliptically
polarized and circularly polarized light.
VI. Photo-electric effect and Compton scattering. De Broglie wavelength and matter waves.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Wave-particle duality. Time dependent Schrodinger
equation and Time independent Schrodinger equation and their applications. Electron
Angular Momentum. Space Quantization. Electron Spin and Spin Angular Momentum.
Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-Gerlach Experiment. Zeeman Effect: Normal and
Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Pauli\u2019s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric and Antisymmetric
Wave Functions. Fine structure. Spin orbit coupling. Total angular momentum. Spinorbit coupling in atoms: L-S and J-J couplings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
VII. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types of Lattices. Brillouin Zones. Bragg\u2019s
Law. Atomic and Geometrical Factor. Dulong and Petit\u2019s Law, Einstein and Debye
theories of specific heat of solids. T3
law. Fermi gas, density of states, Fermi energy and
Fermi velocity, electronic contribution to specific heat of metals. Kronig Penny model,
Brillouin zones, effective mass of electrons and holes, metals, insulators, p and n type
Semiconductors. Superconductivity: Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field.
Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London\u2019s Equation and Penetration
Depth. Isotope effect. cooper pairs, BCS theory.
VIII. Junction diodes: pn junctions, V-I characteristics, Zener diode, voltage regulation,
tunnel diode, LED and LCD, Solar cell, diode as circuit element, Rectifiers: Half Wave,
full wave and bridge rectifier. Transistors: Characteristics of a transistor in CB, CE and
CC mode, \u03b1 and \u03b2 of BJT, common emitter amplifier. Field Effect Transistor, biasing
JFET, depletion and enhancement mode, MOSFET, FET amplifier. Amplifiers: Small
signal amplifiers: General principles of operation, classification, distortion, RC coupled
amplifier, gain frequency response, input and output impedance. Feedback in amplifiers;
negative feedback and stability.
IX. General Properties of Nuclei, Nuclear Models, Radioactivity decay, Nuclear Reactions,
Nuclear Detectors and Accelerators. Classification of elementary particles and its
families. Conservation Laws: energy and momentum, angular momentum, parity, Baryon
number, Lepton number, Isospin, Strangeness, Gell-Mann-Nishijima Scheme, CPT
theorem, parity violation in weak interactions. Particle Symmetries. Quarks Model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MATHEMATICS:
I. Sets, Relation, Functions, Trigonometric functions, Inverse Trigonometric functions,
Co-ordinate geometry, Statistics.
II. Real and Complex Numbers, Quadratic Equations, Linear Inequalities, Permutations
& Combinations, Binomial Theorem.
III. Arithmetic Progression, Geometric Progression, Arithmetic and Geometric means,
relation between A.M. and G.M.
IV. Matrices, Algebra of Matrices and properties, Determinants, Inverse of a matrix,
Applications of matrices and determinants, Solution of system of linear equations.
V. Groups, Subgroups, Lagrange\u2019s theorem, Normal subgroups, Quotient groups,
Fundamental theorems on Homomorphism, Rings, Ideals, Integral domain, Fields.
VI. Vector spaces, Quotient spaces, Linear combination of vectors, Basis and dimension,
Linear transformations, Rank and nullity of a linear transformation, Matrix
representation of a linear transformation, Eigen values and Eigen vectors,
Characteristic polynomial.
VII. Limit and Continuity, Types of discontinuities, Differentiability of functions,
Successive differentiation, Leibnitz\u2019s theorem, Indeterminate forms.
VIII. Applications of derivatives, Maxima and minima, Rolle\u2019s theorem, Lagrange\u2019s Mean
Value Theorem, Cauchy Mean Value Theorem, Taylor\u2019s theorem with Lagrange\u2019s and
Cauchy\u2019s forms of remainder.
IX. Concavity, Convexity, Points of inflexion, Curvature, Asymptotes, Singular points,
Double points, Polar coordinates.
X. Limit and continuity of functions of upto three variables, Partial differentiation,
Euler\u2019s functions on homogeneous functions, Jacobian (upto three variables).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XI. Limits, Limits involving the point at infinity, continuity, Properties of complex
numbers, regions in the complex plane, functions of complex variable, mappings.
XII. Derivatives of complex valued function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Analytic
functions, examples of analytic functions, Exponential function.
XIII. Methods of Integration, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Definite integrals.
Applications of the Integrals, Area under simple curves.
XIV. Order and degree of Differential Equations, General and particular solutions of
differential equation, Homogenous differential Equations, Linear differential
Equations, Exact differential Equations.
XV. Wronskian, Equations of first order and higher degree solvable for x, y, p. Clairaut\u2019s
form, Linear equations with constant and variable coefficients.
XVI. Simultaneous differential equations, Total differential equations, Partial differential
equations of first order, Classification of second order partial differential equations
into parabolic, Elliptic and hyperbolic.
XVII. Real line, Bounded sets, Sequences and series of real numbers Sequences and series of
functions, Power Series.
XVIII. Order of Convergence, Bisection method, False position method, Newton\u2019s method,
Secant method. Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Siedel methods.
XIX. Finite difference operators, Lagrange and Newton interpolation, Numerical
differentiation using Newton\u2019s forward difference and backward difference method,
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson\u2019s rule, Euler\u2019s method.
XX. Straight Lines, Slope, angle between two lines. Various forms of the equations of a
line, Distance of a point from a line, Distance between two parallel line.
XXI. Cone, circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in
three dimensions, Direction cosines and Direction ratios, Equation of lines in space.
Angle between two lines, Distance between two points and two lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
XXII. Vectors, Vector Algebra, Direction ratios, Direction cosines, Types of vector, Vector
joining two point, Section formula, Products of upto three vectors (scalars, corss etc.),
Gradient, Divergence, Curl.
XXIII. Measures of dispersion, Mean deviation, Variance, Standard deviation.
XXIV. Probability, Multiplication theorem on probability, Conditional probability,
Independent events, Total probability, Baye\u2019s theorem, Partition of a sample space.
XXV. Linear Programming problems, Objective function, Optimization, Types of linear
programming problems, Feasible and infeasible regions, Graphical method to solve
the LPP.
B. Subjects of 01 year B.Ed -Childhood and Development Years, Contemporary India and
Education, Language Across the Curriculum, Understanding Disciplines and Subjects, Text
Reading and Reflections, Learning and Teaching, Assessment for Learning, Drama and Art in
Education, Teaching of Physical Science & Mahematics, Knowledge and Curriculum, Gender,
School and Society, Inclusive School, ICT in Teaching-Learning Process, Understanding the Self,
Health and Physical Education, Vocational and Work Education, Education for Peace,
Guidance and Counseling.
C. General knowledge: General Knowledge including General knowledge of Himachal Pradesh.
D. Current Affairs
E. Everyday Science (10th standard).
F. Logical Reasoning (10th standard).
G. Social Science (10th standard).
H. General English (10th standard).
I. General Hindi (10th standard).<\/p>\n\n\n\n